Edema
Alternative Names:
Dropsy, swelling
Definition:
Edema is a term used to describe swelling that results from the presence of excess fluid in bodily tissues. Edema can develop in any area of the body; however it is most prevalent in the legs, ankles and feet. It can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions, some more serious than others.
Symptoms:
Symptoms of edema may include:
- Enlarged abdomen
- Skin that looks stretched or shiny
- Swelling and puffiness
Edema may also be detected by pressing a finger into swollen areas to see if a dimple lingers in the skin longer than usual.
Patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience any of the following symptoms, as they may be indications of pulmonary edema, a potentially dangerous condition in which edema develops in the lungs:
- Chest pain
- Difficulty breathing
Exams/Testing:
Edema may be a sign of a serious underlying health concern such as heart failure, kidney disease or decreased liver function. Your doctor may conduct a variety of tests if an underlying condition is suspected including:
- Blood tests
- Chest X-ray
- Measurement of the blood pressure in particular vessels
- Ultrasound
- Urinalysis
Outlook/Prognosis:
Depending upon the nature of the condition or situation causing edema, patients may undergo a variety of treatment options.
To reduce swelling resulting from edema in the legs, patients may elevate their legs while sitting or wear leg compression stockings. Patients may also decrease swelling through the use of massages or exercises intended to help eliminate the presence of excess fluid.
Patients may be able to prevent future episodes of edema through lifestyle changes such as a low-sodium diet and increased physical activity.
Edema resulting from pregnancy usually subsides after delivery.
In patients with severe edema, the use of medications known as diuretics may be used. Diuretics, which are also referred to as water pills, help increase the elimination of salt and water from the body.
Patients with more serious underlying conditions will generally undergo additional treatment.
Causes (specific drugs):
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