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Respiratory Infection

Respiratory-Infection
Alternative Names: 

Respiratory tract infection

Definition: 

A respiratory infection is an infection that affects any area within the respiratory system including the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchus and lungs. Upper respiratory infections are extremely common and predominately generate symptoms in the nose and throat. However, lower respiratory tract infections can also occur, especially in young children. These infections typically produce symptoms in the windpipe, airways and lungs.

The majority of respiratory infections are caused by viruses. The common cold and influenza are two of the most frequently experienced types of respiratory infections.

Symptoms: 

Infections generate inflammation and mucus production in the respiratory tract. This can prompt a wide array of symptoms which may include:

  • Fever
  • Insomnia
  • Congestion
  • Runny nose
  • Watery eyes
  • Sneezing
  • Cough
  • Sore throat
  • Muscle pain
  • Headache
  • Chills
  • Fatigue
  • Wheezing
  • Ear pain
  • Loss of appetite
  • General feeling of discomfort or malaise
Exams/Testing: 

Common respiratory infections generally do not require a doctor’s visit. Most doctors and adults can recognize the symptoms of a respiratory infection without the use of medical tests or procedures. However, if you or your child has a fever that does not subside after a few days or is having difficulty breathing or drinking, you should contact your doctor.

For patients experiencing wheezing, stridor, lung congestion or other breathing difficulties, your doctor may conduct x-rays of the neck or chest to help detect abnormalities and diagnose your condition.

Rapid diagnostic tests, viral cultures and, in rare cases, blood tests, may also be conducted to assist in the diagnosing process and help rule out more serious conditions.

Outlook/Prognosis: 

Generally, respiratory infections will subside gradually without treatment. Patients can help speed up the recovery process by getting plenty of rest and consuming clear fluids.

Some medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cough medications and decongestants may help patients achieve additional relief. However, cough medications, decongestants and Aspirin should not be used in very young children, as these medications may cause serious complications.

Patients suffering from respiratory infections should avoid physical contact with others until they have achieved a full recovery. Individuals can help prevent the spread of infection by staying home when sick, washing their hands frequently and enacting good hygiene practices.

Influenza, one of the most common types of respiratory infections, is preventable through vaccination. Patients at high risk of contracting influenza, such as children with a compromised immune system, are especially advised to receive the annual vaccine.

In some cases, respiratory infections can lead to additional complications such as an ear infection, pneumonia or asthma attacks in patients with asthma. In rare cases, patients may develop fatal complications of respiratory infections.

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